Preparation for bank PO exam

                                    How to prepare for Bank PO exam                            

When anyone wants to prepare for compititive exam it is very important to know "what is moto of that exam","what is the process of selection" etc. if we know abou all this things ,we can plan a better strategy.Here i just show you an example of "how to prepare for bank PO exam".
Probationary Officer ( PO ) is the initial stage to enter in banking industry. From this, one can progress very quickly to higher hierarchy like Manager, General Manager & may more. So this type of job fascinates fresh graduates a lot.  And also they are correct in choosing this. This year also many banks have PO exams recently. Like there is  ICICI bank PO Recrutment, SBI PO Recrutment , Corporation bank PO exam, OBC bank PO exam, UCO bank PO exam 2010 etc.
Preparing for bank PO exam is not a tough job. It needs a little preparation only.  The Probationary Officers ( PO ) are selected on the basis of written test & interview.  Almost every bank has same pattern of written test. It consists of objective test & descriptive test.
The Objective Test generally carries  of 200 – 250 marks & duration is generally 2 – 3 hrs. The questions are on the basis of reasoning aptitude, general awareness, English language & quantitative aptitude. Also there will be negative marking for each wrong answer.
The Descriptive Test is of 1hr generally & questions are essay type based on comprehension in English.

The following should be taken care of while preparing for PO exam :

1. Reasoning Aptitude : In this section, questions are basically of diagrams, analysis, statements etc. You should be very keen & skillful while attempting this. You will be tested on the skills used by you to solve this. Also look for previous year question paper. This will help you a lot.
2. General Awareness : For preparing this section, the best is to read the newspaper daily & find out the current affairs in banking sectors. global business, money markets etc.
3. English language : This section covers questions on English grammar. Vocabulary, synonyms, antonyms etc. The simple grammar book is sufficient for preparation.
4. Quantitative Aptitude : In this, maths of Xth Std will be asked like algebra, profit loss, percentage etc. Class Xth maths book is the source to prepare for it

Some of the reference books are Sultan Chand publications- Quantitative aptitude, Abhijit Guha, R.S. Agarwal & R.K. Gupta for maths, Also some CDs are available containing important questions.

For appearing for bank PO exam, a candidate should be at least 21 years old & should not be more than 30 yrs. of age.

Indian bank PO Exam Pattern

Indian bank PO Exam Educational Qualification: Should have the Bachelor’s degree in any discipline with at least 55% aggregate marks from a recognized university.

Indian bank PO Exam Pattern: The selection of probationary officer is on the basis of written exam & interview. A candidate has to qualify the both in order to get selected.

written Exam: It is both Objective & Descriptive types.

1. Objective Written test : In this, there is 4 sections which is to be attempted in 135mins. There will be 225 questions  carrying 200 marks.
   A. section I : In this section, questions will be of reasoning type. 75 questions will be asked on this.
   B. section II : Candidate will be tested on Quantitative aptitude. There will be 50 questions on this.
   C. section III : 50 Questions will be on English.
   D. section IV : 50 questions on General awareness.

There is also negative marking for each wrong answer.

2. Descriptive Written Test : There will be 5 questions on socio-economic environment which will be essay type. you need to answer only 5 out of this. This test is only qualifying exam i.e. you need to score only the minimum marks that is being decided by the Indian Bank. The marks you score in this won’t be included in finalizing the merit list.

Interview : Those who clear the written test will be called for the interview. In order to get the Group discussion (GD) in bank jobs/ exams preparation guide.

Preparation for English:

There are numbers of ways to prepare before taking up an English exam. The points that we should remember while taking up an English test are -

1) Learn the basics and proper usage of grammar

2) Should avoid spelling mistakes

3) Make sure that the sentence formation are clear and concise

Grammatical errors are the most important factor that one should always concentrate while preparing for an English test. Any small mistake in the grammar  of an essay or an article can change the meaning of the sentence entirely. So it is important for anyone to spend some time in learning the usage of grammar. Most of the grammatical errors made are by the people who have high rate of speech.So think slowly & speak to yourself before writing on paper

Spelling mistakes are made by any common person,however it does have a great impact in the end result.You need to be sure that whatever you write in an essay has got no spelling mistakes. If your vocabulary is good you can use different words that no one uses commonly and it helps you to stand out from rest of the crowd.

But it often advisable to use words which are known to you to avoid mistakes.

Sentence formation is an important factor,while writing the descriptive test in Bank exams , as all your thoughts and ideas can only be put forward easily if you’ve got the ability to form or to rephrase the sentence the right way. Sentence formation can only be improved if someone is ready to learn the way of speaking good English.

1. Must learn the basics of English language & correct usage of grammar – This is the most important thing one must keep in mind while preparing for the language. A small mistake in grammar can entirely change the meaning of the sentence. The grammatical mistake is often done by those who who speaks English at a very high speed. So try to speak slowly & think before writing in the paper. Also you must devote ample time in learning the grammar portion of the language.
2. Spelling mistakes should be avoided at all – This is not acceptable at all. Often this is made very commonly by the common people. You must be extra precaution in avoiding such mistakes which writing an essay or article. Also try to improve the vocabulary. By doing so you will be able to use different & new words which will be uncommon & you will stand out amongst your competitors. This will surely give you some benefits. But make sure that the words you use, must be correct & rightly spelled. You must be confident in using them.

The sentence formation should be clear & very concise – This is important in order to make yourself very clear in concepts. The sentence should be such that every one should understands you fully & correctly.

Books to be follow:

            1.wrein and Martin

            2.Essential of Grammer by Oxford Publication.

            3.Upkar publication Bank probationary officer by khanna.

Preparation for Quantitative aptitude:

The quantitative aptitude for bank exams tests the numerical abilities of the candidate. Bank quantitative aptitude questions are usually from topics in basic mathematics like averages, ratio and proportion, percentage, simple/compound interest etc. Bank numerical ability,as bank quantitative aptitude is also referred to sometimes, usually contains 50 questions in most of the bank numerical ability exams. The following points should be kept in mind while preparing for and attempting this section.

o    Don’t be afraid of mathematics- the section demands very basic mathematics which can be learnt through continuous practice and some tricks.

o    Practice is the key.

o    While preparing for this section- keep notes of the important formulae-this will help you in revising them later.

o    Read and thoroughly review the math topics that are tested.  Work on areas where you need improvement.

At the test

o    Do all easy questions first, leaving the more time-consuming and difficult ones for later.

o    Before solving a problem, read all the answer choices.  They will all be in the format that your own solution should take

o    Eliminate those choices that simply don't make sense.

o    Look for shortcuts.

o    Use the substitution (or backsolving) method whenever possible.  Some problems are solved fasted by simply plugging in the five answer choices and finding the one that works.

Books to be followed:

1.      R S Agarwal

2.       NCERT 6-10 math book.

3.       Sultan Chand publications- Quantitative aptitude, Abhijit Guha.

4.        R.K. Gupta for math’s

Preparation for Reasioning:

Questions are basically of diagrams, analysis, statements etc. You should be very keen & skillful while attempting this. You will be tested on the skills used by you to solve this. Also look for previous year question paper. This will help you a lot.

Books to be followed:

1: by R.S.Agarwal.
2: Barron’s Military Flight Aptitude Tests by Terry L. Duran

3: Books of Upkar Prakashan.
4: The Aptitude Test Workbook by Jim Barrett
5: Numerical Ability & Mathematical Aptitude by Dr. A.B. Rao etc

Preparation for G.K

For preparing this section, the best is to read the newspaper daily & find out the current affairs in banking sectors. global business, money markets etc.

Books to be followed:

1.      Pratyogita darpan.

2.      India Today.

3.      R S Agarwal

4.      Daily News paper.

List of Post & Vacancies in different Bank:

Bank	Post & Vacancies	Last date to apply	Written Test (tentative)
DBI Bank	1067 Managers	Oct 18, 2010	Nov 14, 2010
FACT	Management Trainee	Oct 20, 2010	-
Federal Bank	Clerks & PO	Oct 20, 2010	Dec 5, 2010
Catholic Syrian Bank	PO	Oct 22, 2010	later
SBI Associate Bank	6100 Clerks	Nov 1, 2010	Jan 16, 2011
Punjab Sind Bank	300 Clerks	Nov 8, 2010	Jan 30, 2011
Punjab Sind Bank	700 Officers	Nov 8, 2010	Jan 16, 2011
Reserve Bank of India	80 Officers	Nov 8, 2010	Feb 6, 2011
OBC Bank	322 PO	Nov 10, 2010	Dec 26, 2010
Indian Bank	850 PO	Nov 11, 2010	Jan 2, 2011
Madhya Bharat gramin Bank	39 Officers & 72 Assistants	Nov 18, 2010	Jan 23 & 30, 2010
Axis Bank	Various positions	ongoing	-
ICICI Bank	Asst.Managers/ Officers	ongoing	-

About ASP.NET

What is ASP.NET  and What is the Characteristics of ASP.NET?

ASP.NET provides an efficient development environment for developing web application.
ASP.net, a technology that enables the rapid development of powerful web applications and services. In other way ASP.NET is a web application framework developed and marketed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services. It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language. The ASP.NET SOAP extension framework allows ASP.NET components to process SOAP messages.

Characteristics

Pages

.NET pages, known officially as "web forms", are the main building block for application development. Web forms are contained in files with an ".aspx" extension; these files typically contain static (XHTML)markup, as well as markup defining server-side Web Controls and User Controls where the developers place all the required static and dynamic content for the web page. Additionally, dynamic code which runs on the server can be placed in a page within a block which is similar to other web development technologies such as PHP,JSP and ASP, but this practice is generally discouraged except for the purposes of databinding since it requires more calls when rendering the page^.

Note that this sample uses code "inline", as opposed to code-behind.

 

 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

   

   

   

        The current time is:

   

   

Code-behind model

Microsoft recommends dealing with dynamic program code by using the code-behind model, which places this code in a separate file or in a specially designated script tag. Code-behind files typically have names like MyPage.aspx.cs or MyPage.aspx.vb while the page file is MyPage.aspx (same filename as the page file (ASPX), but with the final extension denoting the page language). This practice is automatic in Microsoft Visual Studio and other IDEs. When using this style of programming, the developer writes code to respond to different events, like the page being loaded, or a control being clicked, rather than a procedural walk through the document.

ASP.NET's code-behind model marks a departure from Classic ASP in that it encourages developers to build applications with separation of presentation and content in mind. In theory, this would allow a web designer, for example, to focus on the design markup with less potential for disturbing the programming code that drives it. This is similar to the separation of the controller from the view in modal view controller  frameworks.

Example

The above tag is placed at the beginning of the ASPX file. The CodeFile property of the @ Page directive specifies the file (.cs or .vb) acting as the code-behind while the Inherits property specifies the Class the Page derives from. In this example, the @ Page directive is included in SampleCodeBehind.aspx, then SampleCodeBehind.aspx.cs acts as the code-behind for this page:

using System;

namespace Website

{

               public partial class SampleCodeBehind : System.Web.UI.Page

               {

                               protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

                               {

                                              Response.Write("Hello, world");

                               }

               }

}

In this case, the Page_Load() method is called every time the ASPX page is requested. The programmer can implement event handlers at several stages of the page execution process to perform processing.

 User controls

User controls are encapsulations of sections of pages which are registered and used as controls in ASP.NET. User controls are created as ASCX markup files. These files usually contain static (X)HTML markup, as well as markup defining server-side web controls where the developers place all the required static and dynamic content. A user control is compiled when its containing page is requested and is stored in memory for subsequent requests. User controls have their own events which are handled during the life of ASP.NET requests. An event bubbling mechanism provides the ability to pass an event fired by a user control up to its containing page. Unlike an ASP.NET page, a user control cannot be requested independently; one of its containing pages is requested instead.

Custom controls

Programmers can also build custom controls for ASP.NET applications. Unlike user controls, these controls don't have an ASCX markup file, having all their code compiled into a DLL file. Such custom controls can be used across multiple web applications and Visual Studio projects (which is not allowed with user controls). By using a Register directive, the control is loaded from the DLL.

Rendering technique

ASP.NET uses a visited composites rendering technique. During compilation, the template (.aspx) file is compiled into initialization code which builds a control tree (the composite) representing the original template. Literal text goes into instances of the Literal control class, and server controls are represented by instances of a specific control class. The initialization code is combined with user-written code (usually by the assembly of multiple partial classes) and results in a class specific for the page. The page doubles as the root of the control tree.

Actual requests for the page are processed through a number of steps. First, during the initialization steps, an instance of the page class is created and the initialization code is executed. This produces the initial control tree which is now typically manipulated by the methods of the page in the following steps. As each node in the tree is a control represented as an instance of a class, the code may change the tree structure as well as manipulate the properties/methods of the individual nodes. Finally, during the rendering step a visitor is used to visit every node in the tree, asking each node to render itself using the methods of the visitor. The resulting HTML output is sent to the client.

After the request has been processed, the instance of the page class is discarded and with it the entire control tree. This is a source of confusion among novice ASP.NET programmers who rely on class instance members that are lost with every page request/response cycle.

State management

ASP.NET applications are hosted by a web server and are accessed using the stateless HTTP protocol. As such, if an application uses stateful interaction, it has to implement  state management on its own. ASP.NET provides various functions for state management. Conceptually, Microsoft treats "state" as GUI state. Problems may arise if an application needs to keep track of "data state"; for example, a finite state machine which may be in a transient state between requests (Lazy evolution) or which takes a long time to initialize.

Application state

Application state is held by a collection of shared user-defined variables. These are set and initialized when the Application_OnStart event fires on the loading of the first instance of the application and are available until the last instance exits. Application state variables are accessed using the Applications collection, which provides a wrapper for the application state variables. Application state variables are identified by name.

Session state

Server-side session state is held by a collection of user-defined session variables that are persisted during a user session. These variables, accessed using the Session collection, are unique to each session instance. The variables can be set to be automatically destroyed after a defined time of inactivity even if the session does not end. Client-side user session is maintained by either a cookie or by encoding the session ID in the URL itself.

ASP.NET supports three modes of persistence for server-side session variables:

In-Process Mode

The session variables are maintained within the ASP.NET process. This is the fastest way; however, in this mode the variables are destroyed when the ASP.NET process is recycled or shut down.

ASPState Mode

ASP.NET runs a separate Windows service that maintains the state variables. Because state management happens outside the ASP.NET process, and because the ASP.NET engine accesses data using .NET Remoting, ASPState is slower than In-Process. This mode allows an ASP.NET application to be load-balanced and scaled across multiple servers. Because the state management service runs independently of ASP.NET, the session variables can persist across ASP.NET process shutdowns. However, since session state server runs as a single instance, it is still a single point of failure for session state. The session-state service cannot be load-balanced, and there are restrictions on types that can be stored in a session variable.

SqlServer Mode

State variables are stored in a database , allowing session variables to be persisted across ASP.NET process shutdowns. The main advantage of this mode is that it allows the application to balance load on a server cluster, sharing sessions between servers. This is the slowest method of session state management in ASP.NET.

View state

View state refers to the page-level state management mechanism, utilized by the HTML pages emitted by ASP.NET applications to maintain the state of the web form controls and widgets. The state of the controls is encoded and sent to the server at every form submission in a hidden field known as __VIEWSTATE. The server sends back the variable so that when the page is re-rendered, the controls render at their last state. At the server side, the application may change the viewstate, if the processing requires a change of state of any control. The states of individual controls are decoded at the server, and are available for use in ASP.NET pages using the ViewState collection.

The main use for this is to preserve form information across postbacks. View state is turned on by default and normally serializes the data in every control on the page regardless of whether it is actually used during a postback. This behavior can (and should) be modified, however, as View state can be disabled on a per-control, per-page, or server-wide basis.

Developers need to be wary of storing sensitive or private information in the View state of a page or control, as the base64 string containing the view state data can easily be de-serialized. By default, View state does not encrypt the __VIEWSTATE value. Encryption can be enabled on a server-wide (and server-specific) basis, allowing for a certain level of security to be maintained.

Server-side caching

ASP.NET offers a "Cache" object that is shared across the application and can also be used to store various objects. The "Cache" object holds the data only for a specified amount of time and is automatically cleaned after the session time-limit elapses.

 Other

Other means of state management that are supported by ASP.NET are  cookies caching,  and using the query string.

Extension

Microsoft has released some extension frameworks that plug into ASP.NET and extend its functionality. Some of them are:

ASP.NET AJAX

An extension with both client-side as well as server-side components for writing ASP.NET pages that incorporate AJAX functionality.

ASP.NET MVC Framework

An extension to author ASP.NET pages using the  MVC architecture.